A history of scanning electron microscopy developments: towards "wet-STEM" imaging.

TitleA history of scanning electron microscopy developments: towards "wet-STEM" imaging.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2007
AuthorsBogner, A., P-H. Jouneau, G. Thollet, D. Basset, and C. Gauthier
JournalMicron
Volume38
Issue4
Pagination390-401
Date Published2007
ISSN0968-4328
KeywordsEquipment Design, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission, Nanotubes, Carbon, Optics and Photonics, Pseudomonas syringae
Abstract

A recently developed imaging mode called "wet-STEM" and new developments in environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) allows the observation of nano-objects suspended in a liquid phase, with a few manometers resolution and a good signal to noise ratio. The idea behind this technique is simply to perform STEM-in-SEM, that is SEM in transmission mode, in an environmental SEM. The purpose of the present contribution is to highlight the main advances that contributed to development of the wet-STEM technique. Although simple in principle, the wet-STEM imaging mode would have been limited before high brightness electron sources became available, and needed some progresses and improvements in ESEM. This new technique extends the scope of SEM as a high-resolution microscope, relatively cheap and widely available imaging tool, for a wider variety of samples.

DOI10.1016/j.micron.2006.06.008
Alternate JournalMicron
PubMed ID16990007
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